To examine the current situation on the use of agricultural technologies by . Corn is grown chiefly between elevations of 1,500 and 2,200 meters and requires large amounts of rainfall to ensure good harvests. to industries; export crops, from whose sales industries infrastructure and the like may be established; and . Some estimates indicated that yields on peasant farms were higher than those on state farms. Ethiopian farmers plough their land by combining the above tools for such three months to get yearly consumed food. They are sticky when wet, hard when dry, and difficult to work. [7], Historically, Ethiopia was a rare exception in Sub-Saharan Africa, because of its special environmental circumstances, that enabled Ethiopian farmers to increase their productivity, for example by using ploughs. Of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. Primarily, growth in the market should reach 8.1 percent per year during this time frame. Ethiopias development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the major strategic pillars. Mengistu told the 1989 WPE party congress that at US$0.32 per kilogram, foreign-exchange earnings from coffee would have dropped by 240 million Birr, and government revenue would have been reduced by 140 million Birr by the end of 1989. [7], Livestock production plays an important role in Ethiopia's economy. With support from the African Development Banks agricultural Technologies for African Agricultural Transformation program. Veterinary Drug and Animal Feed Administration & Control Authority (VDAFACA), NationalAnimalHealthDiagnosticand InvestigationCenter(NAHDIC), Ethiopia Agricultural Business Corporation (EABC), International Trade Administration It focusses on Ethiopia and provides a broad overview of some of the key developments in agriculture. The industry began in 2004, when the government made an aggressive push for foreign investments by establishing a presence at major international floricultural events. [7], Inaccessibility, water shortages, and infestations of disease-causing insects, mainly mosquitoes, prevented the use of large parcels of potentially productive land. Agriculture accounts for 36% percent of the nation's Gross domestic Product (GDP) as of 2020. The third most important oilseed is sesame, which grows at elevations from sea level to about 1,500 meters. [23], Ethiopia has great potential for increased livestock production, both for local use and for export. Ethiopia: Urban Agriculture and Poverty Alleviation. In addition, it is hoped that the number of key crops are doubled from 18.1m metric to 39.5m metric tonnes. By 1974 the Ministry of Agriculture's Extension and Project Implementation Department had more than twenty-eight areas with more than 200 extension and marketing centers. Contract farming, cluster approach and land consolidation, Horticulture (irrigation and urban farming), Climate resilient sustainable agricultural development. Ethiopia is home to one of the largest livestock populations in Africa. Most Ethiopians practice mixed agricultural activity which represents about 33.88 . [7], Ethiopia's coffee is almost exclusively of the arabica type, which grows best at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 meters. The plough shaft, beam and ploughshare are made of wood and the sickle, pick axe, plow are made of metal. Agriculture as a key element for the development of other sectors 3 3. Both animals have high sales value in urban centers, particularly during holidays such as Easter and New Year's Day. fruit crops, stimulant crops and sugar cane are cultivated by farmers and other agricultural sectors in Ethiopia. Consequently, Ethiopia became a net importer of grain worth about 243 million Birr annually from 198384 to, 198788. In addition to wheat, the demand for oilseeds, such as soybeans and Niger seed, is expected to grow as Ethiopias demand for both cooking oil and livestock feed increases. Ethiopia has considerable potential for producing cotton. 2. [2][3][4] Many other economic activities depend on agriculture, including marketing, processing, and export of agricultural products. [7], Cattle in Ethiopia are almost entirely of the zebu type and are poor sources of milk and meat. The amount of coffee inspected in the fiscal year 20072008 by the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea Authority (ECTA) was 230,247 tons, a decrease of almost 3% from the previous fiscal year's total of 236,714 tons. In Ethiopia, agricultural export development is done in livestock, grains, vegetables, fruits, and fruits. In addition to cattle, small ruminants (goats and sheep) and beasts of burden (donkey, horse, mule) are not uncommon in this farming system. To meet its agro-processing objectives, the GOE is building Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks (IAIP) in four pilot areas: Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regional states. During the 1970s, coffee exports accounted for 50-60% of the total value of all exports, although coffee's share dropped to 25% as a result of the economic dislocation following the 1974 revolution. Despite this potential, however, Ethiopian agriculture has remained underdeveloped. Pulses, grown widely at all altitudes from sea level to about 3,000 meters, are more prevalent in the northern and central highlands. Only 15 percent of the roads are paved; this is a problem particularly in the highlands, where there are two rainy seasons causing many roads to be unusable for weeks at a time. Growing demand for water supply and drainage systems, pumps, and drilling equipment is expected. In addition, the GOE continues to invest heavily in the expansion of the sugar industry, which is slated to be privatized in the near future with the aim of become one of the top ten sugar producers in the world over the next decade. However, the removal of arable land for conservation projects has threatened the welfare of increasing numbers of rural poor. Brighter Green, 2. However, even with this anticipated increase in chicken meat production, demand is expected to outstrip supply, thereby creating potential opportunities for imports. In addition to its domestic use, sesame is also the principal export oilseed. Blue Nile makes about 80% by volume of the Great Nile River. Some of these products, especially the textiles, apparel, leather goods, and finished meat products are targeted for export markets in order to generate foreign exchange. Most of these crops are exported to generate foreign exchange. Food production had consistently declined throughout the 1980s. The reforms success in supporting Ethiopias economic growth in part depends on the development of the agro-processing sector (e.g. [17], Ethiopia's flower industry has become a new source for export revenue. 3. The powers and duties of the MoA include: conservation and use of forest and wildlife resources, food security, water use and small-scale irrigation, monitoring events affecting agricultural development and early warning system . As a result, vegetable oils are widely used, and oilseed cultivation is an important agricultural activity. However, production is constrained in part by outdated ginneries and limited availability of quality inputs, including seed, fertilizer, and pest control agents. Among the top priorities identified by the GOE include: small and large-scale irrigation development, financing agricultural inputs, increasing productivity of crops and livestock, improving agricultural production methods using mechanization, post-harvest loss reduction, developing a research-based food security system, and natural resource management. Recurring drought takes a heavy toll on the animal population, although it is difficult to determine the extent of losses. A potential exists for self-sufficiency in grains and for export development in livestock, grains, vegetables, and fruits. Mia MacDonald and Justine Simon (2010) Climate, Food Security, & Growth: Ethiopia's Complex Relationship with Livestock. Forestland, most of it in the southwestern part of the country, accounted for 4 percent of the total land area, according to the government. According to the World Bank, agricultural production increased at an average annual rate of 0.6 percent between 1973 and 1980 but then decreased at an average annual rate of 2.1 percent between 1980 and 1987. [7] Multinational agribusinesses supply these industrial poultry farms with high yielding breeds, such as Rhode Island Reds and White Leghorns. ", Table D.2. U.S. Department of Commerce The program, designed for rural development, was first introduced in a project called the Chilalo Agricultural Development Union. Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian Agriculture Introduction Inability to produce adequate food is the major problem of most less developed countries (LDCS). Grain is an essential part of the Ethiopian diet. Washington, DC 20230. Rain-fed cotton also grew in Humera, Bilate, and Arba Minch. Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country's economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of exports, and 80% of total employment.. Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market). [7], Government attempts to implement land reform also created problems related to land fragmentation, insecurity of tenure, and shortages of farm inputs and tools. State farms sold their output to the AMC. There was much debate as to whether or not these reforms were genuine and how effectively they could be implemented. Causes and Characteristics of Drought in Ethiopia. Overall, the economic reform plan sets out required strategic interventions to increase agricultural productivity and modernization of agriculture in the next 10 years. Agriculture. The agriculture sector is projected to grow at 6.2% per annum over the next ten years. [9], The population in the lowland peripheries (below 1,500 meters) is nomadic, engaged mainly in livestock raising. There also was concern that villagization could have a negative impact on fragile local resources, accelerate the spread of communicable diseases, and increase problems with plant pests and diseases. Source: United Nations Comtrade. "National Statistical Abstract. major pulse crops grown in the country are chickpea, haricot beans, lentils, fababean and peas, The Ethiopian Orthodox Church traditionally has forbidden consumption of animal fats on many days of the year. These types of soils are found in much of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR). [7], Ethiopia's demand for grain continued to increase because of population pressures, while supply remained short, largely because of drought and government agricultural policies, such as price controls, which adversely affected crop production. [7], As of 2008[update], some countries that import most of their food, such as Saudi Arabia, had begun planning the development of large tracts of arable land in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Fresh fruits, including citrus and bananas, as well as fresh and frozen vegetables, became important export items, but their profitability was marginal. The process meant not only smaller farms but also the fragmentation of holdings, which were often scattered into small plots to give families land of comparable quality. Volume II, Report on Livestock and Livestock Characteristics. The first three are primarily cool-weather crops cultivated at altitudes generally above 1,500 meters. There may also be future opportunities for equipment and systems to process these commodities. Characteristics of agricultural landscape features and local soil fertility management practices in Northwestern Amhara, Ethiopia. Private traders and the Agricultural Marketing Corporation (AMC), established in 1976, marketed Ethiopia's agricultural output. Abstract The objective of this study was to perform causality tests between agriculture and the rest of the economy using a Granger (1969) causality test procedure. [23], However, herding cattle is one of the agricultural activities that resorts to indentured labor and particularly child labor according to the U.S. Department of Labor. According to a 1987 estimate, beef accounted for about 51% of all meat consumption, followed by mutton and lamb (19%), poultry (15%), and goat (14%). Resembling the banana but bearing an inedible fruit, the plant produces large quantities of starch in its underground rhizome and an above-ground stem that can reach a height of several meters. Agricultural production has been highly dependent on natural resources for centuries [].However, increased human population and other factors have degraded the natural resources in the country thus seriously threatening sustainable agriculture and food security [2, 3]. The Blue Nile from Ethiopia originating form Lake Tana and the White Nile that originated form Lake Victoria merge into the Great Nile River at Khartoum, the Sudan capital to form the longest river of the world draining to the Mediterranean Sea.The Blue Nile Falls is one . There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. ", Table D.1.1, "The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Statistical Appendix", p. 26. By 1989, the area covered by the State Farms had grown to a total of 220,000 hectares. Trade. This article is the second in a series that seek to examine the role of agriculture as a developmental opportunity for Africa. Meat and poultry processing, and supporting equipment and systems. Niger seed is found mostly in the northern and central highlands at elevations between 1,800 and 2,500 meters. 133 8.5.2. However, these cattle do relatively well under the traditional production system. A lock ( A locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute (EIAR), Ethiopian Trading Business Corporation (ETBC). University students led the land reform movement and campaigned against the government's reluctance to introduce land reform programs and the lack of commitment to integrated rural development. The chicken business also shows promising opportunities. This includes: bolstering smallholder farmers productivity, enhancing marketing systems, upgrading participation of private sector, increasing volume of irrigated land and curtailing amount of households with inadequate food. Role Agriculture in Ethiopian economy. Depending on international market conditions and local demand factors, there may be opportunities in the future for U.S. wheat and soybean sales to Ethiopia. Advanced Search Citation Search . Years of bi-directional causality were found between agriculture and manufacturing and services sectors before 1975. The objective of the LSMS-ISA is to collect multi-topic panel household level data with a special focus on improving agriculture statistics and the link between .