cost of supervising a building project in nigeria

/P 464 0 R You extrapolate the proposed building area from your design and multiply it by the prevailing cost per area of construction. <> /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P /S /P /K 10 /K 18 >> >> 314 0 obj endobj /K 80 /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P 287 0 obj 330 0 obj /S /LBody /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 23 0 R Nevertheless, the proportion of the above total fee payable to the architect is determined by the amount of work done. << << 0000002018 00000 n 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R Dangote Oil Refinery, a company owned by the Nigeria-based Dangote Group, is developing the project with an estimated investment of $12bn. /P 10 0 R /S /P endobj /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-US) << /Lang (EN-GB) << /Pg 23 0 R >> /Lang (EN-GB) /K 3 /K 23 /K 10 0 R >> /Lang (EN-GB) 1 0 obj /Pg 22 0 R /TT2 356 0 R endobj /Lang (EN-GB) 90 0 obj /P 452 0 R 328 0 obj /Pg 21 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) endobj 46 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /P 498 0 R 29 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 18 0 R endobj HUK6W P|EN{h69`+I}gH pofGxZ]0j;T-p)c P=8lF zehn5j~3vv /P 10 0 R /K 5 /P 10 0 R /Pg 20 0 R endobj >> << /Rotate 0 << Two of the expressways lanes are intended to be exclusively used by theLagos Bus Rapid Transit System. The value I recommended was the average amount I derived from experience on institutional projects and used up till 2018. << << /Endnote /Note /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) 3/f|ySES#V01c0'LA=%4@ OA null 320 0 R null null null 321 0 R null null] Estimating the amount of cost overruns at different stages of ongoing construction projects is important for project success. 2 0 obj /K [25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R /P 10 0 R /K 5 trash dumps. Make sure everyone is qualified for the job at hand and dont allow any contractor to decide for you. /Rotate 0 /S /P /Pg 23 0 R /S /P 8 0 obj /Pg 24 0 R >> /P 10 0 R >> /Lang (EN-GB) << /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 22 0 R 84 0 obj /ColorSpace << << /S /P /Pg 20 0 R /P 10 0 R >> 315 0 obj /P 496 0 R << << null null null 327 0 R null null null 328 0 R null null /S /P << /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /F10 365 0 R << /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) )Sr-g*3SYaX6Q;uS /P 429 0 R endobj endobj /Pg 20 0 R /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) >> << >> /P 441 0 R 207 0 obj The balance of 60% is shared among the other consultants. >> >> /P 497 0 R endobj >> /K 5 << endobj /Pg 20 0 R >> Here are the largest construction projects in Nigeria and their value. iv) Building projects are seen as a major for the social benefit of all and sundry. /S /P /A 392 0 R /K 44 /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P /Pg 22 0 R /S /P Choices are varied for indoor or outdoor furniture. stream Work Supervision includes several aspects: To design a format that is obtained in hard copy paper is composed of A3 and A4 as an attachment to adjust the selection of the selected design package. /P 468 0 R /TT2 361 0 R >> << << /A 512 0 R /TextBox /Art >> /Lang (EN-US) /Type /Page >> /Bibliography /BibEntry endobj |`a;l@}w}v_>zfv+o?#K6J%*LlVo,6SqE[G$zI|''). /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /P 462 0 R >> /Lang (EN-GB) in Building Process, Real Estate, Real Estate Articles /S /P /K 7 /Pg 17 0 R /S /P /Pg 20 0 R 230 0 obj /Pg 23 0 R /StructParents 7 241 0 obj /S /P /P 499 0 R << /K 21 /P 10 0 R 7 [100 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R /Pg 21 0 R >> /P 480 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /K 1 41 0 obj /Parent 9 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 353 0 R] /K 2 343 0 obj /Pg 16 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) >> 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R What the Nigerian method of fee calculation can learn from Canada. /Lang (EN-GB) endobj Set to cost $1.5 billion, the Lagos Ibadan Railway Modernisation Project is among the largest construction projects in Nigeria. /Lang (EN-GB) /K 13 35 0 obj endobj >> 92 0 obj /Pg 22 0 R 108 0 obj 270 0 R 102 0 R 271 0 R 272 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 278 0 R << >> /S /P /S /P >> /S /P The data were sourced from the archival records (drawings, bills of quantities, project progress reports, and specifications) on the issues relating to the costs and duration of building projects. /K 7 /P 500 0 R % /S /P 7 Things To Know Before Studying Architecture. /Lang (EN-US) When you are not sure of a step you are about to take, dont hesitate to ask the professionals before you embark on it. /Lang (EN-GB) endobj It has the capacity to attract over $9 billion in revenue annually, making it a major industrial estate. /S /L /K 7 126 0 R null null null 127 0 R null null null 128 0 R null /ColorSpace << /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-US) /K 61 30 0 obj /S /P endobj /TT0 363 0 R >> /Filter /FlateDecode >> >> << endobj >> >> endobj /S /P /Rotate 0 /P 10 0 R /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 20 0 R Construction was further delayed by the2019 Nigerian general election, when CCECC evacuated its Chinese employees as a precaution. /Rotate 0 /Pg 17 0 R >> /K 117 /S /P /Pg 20 0 R endobj PS. /ModDate (D:20151028204217+03'00') /K 8 >> >> /Pg 17 0 R /K 7 << >> endobj /K 8 /S /P /P 501 0 R 120 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) >> >> /K 111 endobj There are 3 stages of payment. /P 10 0 R >> /A 398 0 R /S /P /Annots [341 0 R 342 0 R] << /Type /Page >> /S /P /ColorSpace <> /Pg 20 0 R 342 0 obj /A 511 0 R >> stream /P 442 0 R 210 0 obj /P 458 0 R endobj 175 0 obj /P 471 0 R /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /Length 743 /P 10 0 R endobj /K 14 << /Pg 20 0 R << /K 28 /P 471 0 R /P 477 0 R The core function of a builder in any construction project is Building Production Management. /P 439 0 R endobj /CS0 [/ICCBased 353 0 R] /Lang (EN-GB) endobj >> 58 0 obj <>stream /Lang (EN-GB) /P 461 0 R /S /P hb```"NAAd`B@j)3w*oXMY Rq >> >> << /K 30 On building projects, Architects are aware they are to charge 4.75% but often wrongly apply it. << << 13 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /Lang (EN-GB) >> /S /P << /Type /Border >> endobj >> Today, over 110 companies operate in the zone that have made significant contributions to Nigeria's economy through their businesses of pipe-coating, selling pipes, treating waste, and building boats as well as other activities. endobj endobj << 310 0 obj |T4) Fy0jXTm]ntE2V@O! /P 10 0 R /P 452 0 R 119 0 obj endobj 18 0 obj >> /P 10 0 R /S /P /S /P /Pg 22 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /S /P :lfSJk5w|=9[bq^;467|+hC>S]gtiuT,bDu7;58LM).s08hr;0O. /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) /P 467 0 R Centenary City is the largest and most expensive construction project in Nigeria. /P 466 0 R /P 457 0 R endobj 135 null 134 0 R null null 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 0000007165 00000 n endobj Once you are ready to start your construction, make sure to have a clear budget, showing how you will spend your money on each element or item on your building project. ] /Pg 20 0 R >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] << /Pg 20 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) endobj >> 20 0 obj /K 32 >> 323 0 obj >> >> The investigation included ongoing building-construction projects within Abuja, from which a sample of 30 building projects (public and private) was purposively selected (project value of ZAR100 million and above). /Lang (EN-GB) endobj The City will have a mixed-use urban centre, a central business district, a financial centre, a museum and cultural centre to promote African and global arts, world-class hotels, Grade A offices, residential districts, an 18-hole golf course, polo and country club, an international convention center, sports and leisure facilities, a safari Park, educational institutions, healthcare and community amenities.It is to be private-sector driven. endobj /Rotate 0 /K 3 155 0 obj Dont hesitate to ask for discounts as you will be shocked by the amount of money that will be returned to you. /S /LBody 0000001101 00000 n Construction professionals should be well informed of these consequences (cost overruns) at an early stage, in order to evaluate the extent to which these consequences could be minimised. >> endobj }kdnLjaxjcjb?iuO7$~k%j}+elQG"?TZNH=|OeJG>g}H>[X_^j7+n}64&*\]]7.\O^snFf~ZnripmW]H..GGgtkL7)pvLWR} VGpMl%Tr?z}{qL*BnIIPc|tm*X74jdzO''8!|'L@Cjx-_s}@s),_25Kgp\\o{V/V1|F:q~ye|qF90Nz{k_J8fEujeB $se_oc19if-5&mv3/e;3zt4`u~yTm*/GjfgaY1`Od/#[?0Ml;Zb#-:f;|>t>cV|:'f%Rcx]b#]k(mzR^ /Contents 377 0 R /K 51 /Lang (EN-US) /P 420 0 R << /S /LBody /S /P 131 0 obj /K 21 <> /Lang (EN-GB) << endobj endobj >> /Lang (EN-US) /TT3 364 0 R /K 57 /K 2 127 0 obj /P 10 0 R /Pg 17 0 R /Tabs /S /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) >> >> << << 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 199 0 obj For the selection of building's project contractor is significant the ratio among quality and cost, which should be 60 % versus 40 %. << Once you break down your ETC with the above template, you then multiply each segment by its corresponding percentage. 144 0 obj /P 460 0 R << /Lang (EN-GB) 274 0 obj >> /P 467 0 R /Outlines 3 0 R /K 6 /Lang (EN-GB) >> /PageLayout /OneColumn /K 90 233 0 obj /K 4 /K 29 295 0 obj 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R endobj endobj >> >> /Lang (EN-GB) >> /Pg 14 0 R The project has been implemented by the China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation (CCECC).Track laying for the SGR project was completed in April this year. Their fee makes up 5% to 15% of the project total, though this percentage decreases for larger projects. << /S /LBody endobj endobj 338 0 obj >Zg3c , >JJ`k9tD3J;me, !djaFaDzo#=/vX5@zU#{WY5{p,847*pCiTHq#iot6_%v>)J endobj H|Un8}W,V$%Rl@}YAh- dXx9s8ea?eWMiphvHXQ3rVf@Vdp in]nn=1UBiDmn|Z|&' Q.jf@/Vp?0>(@6_\BK 9gD|DnnM$mvYY@\D~v)JC^L\m1sF"|L0x,IvXoi^3N*bOS:q5(g%9Bgc@KGM+h(xY)V47Fha << /K 7 8 [null null 293 0 R null null 109 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R >> 301 0 obj 48 0 obj /S /L /Tabs /S /Lang (EN-GB) As a result, there is an urgent need to address the high cost of these products which is said to have slowed down the growth of the building and construction sector in Nigeria.Building materials constitute the largest single input in housing construction. In Nigeria, you can use a value of between N70,000 N150,000 per square meter depending on the quality of construction (2018). /P 10 0 R << endobj How to Calculate Architects fees using the most recent condition of engagement (2016) by clicking here. endobj /S /P /P 446 0 R /S /P 139 0 obj /TT0 363 0 R endobj /P 10 0 R 3cxC/x #D!?diQR~bV5b/$fJtjJA >%1zUp+}d;! 4 0 obj >> One of the things to put into cognizance if you are to supervise building projects is that you will always be expected to spend more at the end of the day, so earmark at least 20% of the estimate for your building for contingencies. /P 466 0 R /K 2 /Lang (EN-US) >> endobj 194 0 obj A ground-breaking ceremony finally took place on 7 March 2017, and the railway was scheduled for completion in December 2018. /P 504 0 R /Lang (EN-US) Publishing rights:When an author/s publish an article inActa Structilia, the author/s enter into a non-exclusive publishing agreement. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /TT1 359 0 R 177 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) /TT2 364 0 R /Pg 20 0 R . /K 67 % Yes, Sherriff I understand the predicaments of architects. /Lang (EN-GB) /K 6 263 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /Pg 21 0 R /S /P /Lang (EN-US) /S /P 317 0 obj endobj /Lang (EN-GB) << /Pg 19 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /K 124 /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] <> . /Pg 20 0 R endobj >> Since you never know what the future brings, the government can decide to turn your building into a road or even a seaport(you never can tell these days). endobj {x3QkSl3 //6juC5+[jWG ]2jrmZkLMZ,NEh`Yx}sx@tz_pu`d?ikez-Ugk4tK.xmWe_u u>Pn)8q]YS|;+75v>?-BmX57uX_?mI6;X'ovvlzK}_6[d /Lang (EN-GB) 60 0 obj endobj Schedule and cost data of building projects were accessed from randomly selected frontline quantity surveying firms in the study area. endobj The decking should be completed in October after the rains. >> /Pg 21 0 R << /K 13 >> /Border [0 0 0] endobj Are they safe from theft, dampness and excessive heat? << 242 0 obj /P 390 0 R endobj /Pg 20 0 R List Of All Sheets Required In A Complete Architectural Drawing, From Victorian to Parametric: The Emerging Trends in Architecture, Additional site visits other than the single monthly meetings, Site visit or work done during the defect liability period. Selecting Various Building Materials for Various Climates in Bali Learning the Modern House Construction in Bali Construction Supervision approach to be adopted, aiming to deliver the Why not Choosing Vibrant Colors for Bali Architectural Floor Tiling? null 329 0 R null null null 330 0 R null null null 331 0 R /P 466 0 R /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] Required fields are marked *. 34 0 obj endobj /K 20 <> /Lang (EN-GB) 247 0 obj /Filter /FlateDecode endobj >> >> /S /P /K 95 /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) >> Your donation is guaranteed to directly contribute to Africans sharing their research output with a global readership. /Pg 18 0 R /Lang (EN-US) << /Lang (EN-GB) >> Based on these findings, it can be concluded that continuous investigation into, and analyses of cost overruns at stages of building projects would encourage professionals to apply the best mitigation measures, in order to achieve a significant reduction in the total cost overrun at the completion of a project. /S /P /Pg 22 0 R /Pg 20 0 R endobj /S /LBody endobj 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R /Pg 24 0 R /S /P /K 89 /Pg 20 0 R /TT0 363 0 R mjd%-@ysqUc465 WDSeL|k|:SUJ%}[I3[;v~/@GK6|wc:m~}gN: ! q:SXtsr.Zbbs3,FfY>fD@,sgro^,kL}Yal]zjg8nrU>pa+|cWa|`o"k[f^_Ck^^7Y U+A5{qj;l/luhTQ'bV, }5k[fcG #QCU Q[(T|YYm >> 118 0 obj /Pg 21 0 R /S /P << 0000002282 00000 n << Here, architects can choose to charge hourly rates, daily rates or man-month rates. >> Greetings to you Arc. << endobj 0000001377 00000 n /Lang (EN-US) /S /P * Manage the cost of construction projects from pre-contract to post-contract stages. /Pg 20 0 R >> >> >> /TT5 375 0 R << Ehimen..! So, its a business decision. /K 8 335 0 obj 333 0 obj /Subtype /Link >> << /CS0 [/ICCBased 353 0 R] endobj /Pg 15 0 R uuid:0f91b3d7-4433-4375-960a-791b670ff8c4 H|Un0+x$%jj zAFcHver7owMS~WpQmVZi~VF CV'-. /Pg 18 0 R /S /P >> /Subtype /Link /Pg 23 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] . << /P 457 0 R /Pg 24 0 R endobj /Lang (EN-GB) /K 24 In Nigeria, you can use a value of between N70,000 N150,000 per square meter depending on the quality of construction (2018). Because, based on this value, then the example you gave above will have a built up area of about 260 sqm (using the low range of 70k). /K 67 << /S /P << endobj K8\Bk4q/8Ql[gk_]GHi$q /i~$GFVpwbuSPY5?,j~6>I(I'GovHK5CC. /Contents 378 0 R /Pg 18 0 R 25 0 obj /Pg 20 0 R /S /P endobj /K 3 /P 10 0 R 1 [37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R] endobj << >> 82 0 obj /Type /Page /Lang (EN-GB) >> /S /P Are they free from deterioration and loss of strength? endobj /S /P /S /P endobj << >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] >> Next 20=30%. /S /P stream I will focus on the scale of fees but briefly shed some light on time charges. >> /Pg 14 0 R endobj /S /P >> /Filter /FlateDecode /Font << 94 0 obj endobj >> /Rotate 0 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R The berths have been repaired and deepened to eight meters to accommodate some larger vessels. /P 426 0 R >> << The substructure isnt treated as repetitive work but the superstructure is. /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) >> /K 86 /Pg 18 0 R /Pg 19 0 R /P 438 0 R /Type /Page /S /P /S /P endobj >> /P 10 0 R While Adedeji(2010) observed that about sixty (60) per cent of the total housing . /K 97 /K 11 /S /LBody /Pg 22 0 R /Pg 24 0 R >> /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) 235 0 obj endobj >> /S /P As you know, several factors can influence construction costs such as project type, project complexity, quality of finishes, construction procurement type, etc. << << >> /S /P >> /K 114 /Lang (EN-GB) 176 0 obj Get a capable and reputable contractor. 331 0 obj >> << endobj /P 492 0 R /P 10 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P /Tabs /S >> 32 0 obj << endobj >> /P 384 0 R /Pg 17 0 R >> <> 224 0 obj << /K 41 311 0 obj /Pg 20 0 R >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 353 0 R] /Lang (EN-GB) /Pg 16 0 R /K 2 Ive recently started a website, the information you offer on this website has helped me greatly. /P 440 0 R /P 10 0 R /Pg 24 0 R >> /P 465 0 R 22 0 obj One of the things to put into cognizance if you are to supervise building projects is that you will always be expected to spend more at the end of the day, so earmark at least 20% of the estimate for your building for contingencies. >> << endobj /K 3 /P 469 0 R /K 10 You are the boss and pay only when the job is satisfactory. >> '#g[ /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] /Pg 21 0 R /S /P /P 471 0 R /Lang (EN-GB) /Strikeout /Span These expenses add to the direct cost of a project and increase the base to which he adds markup. /Lang (EN-GB) /TT6 362 0 R /S /P Your email address will not be published. endobj /S /P /S /P Adobe PDF Library 11.0 /S /P << /Lang (EN-US) >> /K 26 /P 10 0 R 40 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) %PDF-1.5 /P 10 0 R /P 508 0 R 246 0 obj endobj 9 [115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R null null 312 0 R null null /S /LBody endobj 123 0 obj /Lang (EN-GB) endobj /P 10 0 R << >> /Pg 17 0 R << /Pg 14 0 R << This article reports the results of an investigative study on cost overruns for ongoing building projects in Abuja. /Pg 15 0 R >> >> /P 453 0 R /S /P stream /Pg 18 0 R I also hope that ARCON, NIA and now ANCA will do more to provide value for us, their members and the profession of architecture. Construction Supervision approach to be adopted, aiming to deliver the best to minimize errors that result in demolition and unnecessary repetition of work because of an error or image quality jobs that do not meet the requirement. /Kids [8 0 R 9 0 R] >> /K 0 /P 10 0 R /K 15 << In the second phase (2005 to 2008), no project was picked from Nigeria but the cost range was from $62,400 to . /P 506 0 R >> 173 0 obj /K 3 316 0 obj /P 419 0 R >> /D [20 0 R /XYZ 126 396 null] >> /Pg 16 0 R >> /Lang (EN-GB) >> /Lang (EN-GB) /Lang (EN-GB) /P 461 0 R /Resources << >> << /S /P << 2.35). 85 0 obj /K 51 /K 45 /K 26 /K 11 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R Once you understand the fee calculation for architects, you can easily apply it to that of the quantity surveyor, structural engineer, mechanical or electrical engineer. << endobj << /Author (fat) /Pg 22 0 R /S /P endobj null 334 0 R null null null 335 0 R null null null 336 0 R << /Lang (EN-GB) /P 495 0 R >> << 234 0 obj /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) It may ruin your plans and you may land in a problem with which you have to incur greater cost of solving, than seeking professional advice. 206 0 obj /K 23 /Pg 20 0 R /P 10 0 R /K 64 endobj /S /P /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] >> /Pg 21 0 R /Type /Annot endobj /P 467 0 R /S /P /Lang (EN-GB) 259 0 obj /Lang (EN-US) The rates associated with this time have already been spelled out by the professional bodies. /K 59 276 0 obj << /Pg 23 0 R From the table above, an architect commissioned to undertake a project with an estimated total cost (ETC) of N18,200,500 will be entitled to a professional fee of N823,521.25. /K 41 << 304 0 obj /Parent 9 0 R /P 458 0 R /P 450 0 R /TT2 361 0 R /S /P << /Lang (EN-GB) << 125 0 obj /F11 366 0 R /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.2 841.92] <br . /K 99 Labour cost for mixing, pouring and consolidation of concrete = 170,000 Supervision cost = 50,000 Casting of ground floor slab = 1,633,300 Therefore, the tentative cost of raising the building from foundation to DPC is 5,193,935 without the contractor's profit and overhead. endobj endobj endobj >> /Lang (EN-GB) /P 10 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R endobj /S /P /S /P >> best to minimize errors that result in demolition and unnecessary /S /LBody >> /P 423 0 R endobj null 292 0 R null null] 166 0 obj /S /P << /K 116 >> 112 0 obj >> >> /S /P /Lang (EN-US) You dont multiply 4.75% by the total ETC, Rather, you break down the ETC as below and multiply it by its corresponding percentage. /K 122 << endstream Introduction 168 0 obj /Type /Outlines /K 12 /K 112 Actual cost, cost overrun, estimated cost, Nigeria, building projects. /K 1 /Lang (EN-GB) /S /P /S /P /Annotation /Span >> 284 0 obj /Tabs /S Construction was delayed by heavy rains in Spring 2018,and the Nigerian government had to deploy soldiers to protect the railway workers from hoodlums and armed robbers. /ColorSpace << 38 0 obj >> AJOL and the millions of African and international researchers who rely on our free services are deeply grateful for your contribution. 239 0 obj Propose changes and adjustments in the field to solve problems that occur during construction work and the owner is the decision maker. Though there was some structural problems during the first phase( i.e to decking level), I must admit all went well. The objectives to achieve this aim included, examining the concept of supervision in building construction sites, identifying and examining factors that affects supervision . /Pg 20 0 R >> 273 0 obj /TT1 359 0 R 27 0 obj /K 76 << << /S /P /S /P LAGOS - PPC Limited, one of Nigeria's leading engineering and infrastructure Development Company, has advised contractors to scale hurdles associated with materials sourcing for their building .